Floral Biology of Tricyrtis macranthopsis Masamune and T.ishiiana (Kitagawa et T.Koyama) Ohwi et Okuyama var.surugensis Yamazaki (Liliaceae)

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  • キイジョウロウホトトギスとスルガジョウロウホトトギスの花部生態学
  • キイジョウロウホトトギスとスルガジョウロウホトトギスの花部生態学〔英文〕
  • キイジョウロウホトトギス ト スルガジョウロウホトトギス ノ カブ セイタイガ

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Abstract

The floral biology of Tricyrtis macranthopsis and T.ishiiana var.surugensis, whose flowers open obliquely downward (nearly pendulously), was investigated in comparison with that of other species with upright flowers. The flowers do not open synchronously in either species, and bloom for about five and four days in T.macranthopsis and T.ishiiana var.surugensis, respectively. The flowers are protandrous and the anthers already dehisce by the time the flowers open. The stigmata are receptive in the latter half of the flower-lives. Only Bombus diversus diversus proved to be an efficient pollinator in both species. Since the bumblebee makes contact usually with only the lower-side anthers and stigmata, much pollen on the anthers and stigmata at a distance from the stem remain intact in many flowers. However, automatic self-pollination rarely occurs even when much pollen stays on the anthers in the female-stage flowers. The rather high pollen/ovule ratios in both the species seem fortunate for these flowers. Although the morphology of the style, whose three branches are further bifid, apparently adapts to bumblebee pollination primarily in the upright flowers, the bifid branches might be suitable to make large stigmatic areas. It seems reasonable to consider that the pendulous flowers are derived from the upright ones. The longevity of these flowers is discussed in comparison with some other species of Tricyrtis.

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