Effects of Japanese Citizen’s Numeracy and Educational Levels on Biases in Decision Making

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  • 日本の一般市民のニューメラシーや教育水準が意思決定バイアスに与える影響
  • ニホン ノ イッパン シミン ノ ニューメラシー ヤ キョウイク スイジュン ガ イシ ケッテイ バイアス ニ アタエル エイキョウ

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The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the numeracy and educational<br>levels on biases in five decision tasks: denominator neglect, risk-format effect in breast<br>cancer screening risk communication, misunderstanding of correlation, framing effect,<br>and conjunction fallacy. An internet survey was conducted with Japanese citizens in<br>metropolitan areas (n = 960) whose numeracy scores were previously measured by the<br>Japanese version of Lipkus et al.’s (2001) numeracy scale, aged from their 20s to their<br>60s with high and low educational levels. Data were analyzed based on 3 criteria of<br>numeracy levels: median split (10), split according to the previous study’s criterion<br>(9), and top-quartile (11) vs. bottom-quartile (7 and under). In the results of analysis<br>by median split, there were no significant differences except the denominator neglect.<br>There existed significant differences in educational levels across the three tasks. In the<br>results by the other criteria, there were significant differences in the tasks of conjunction<br>fallacy and framing effect, but those biases were rather stronger in the high-numeracy<br>group. The influence of the ceiling effect measuring numeracy in Japanese citizens<br>compared to the previous studies’ participants was discussed, as were the kinds of tasks<br>and the difference of response by numeracy.

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