Significance of Rainwater Harvesting in Mega-diversity Water Resource Country : India

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India is a mega-biodiversity country with enormous variations in altitudinal and agro climatic zones varying from tropical in the south to temperate in the northern reaches. The overgrowing population and the water stress are calling for new approaches for water planning and management if escalating conflicts are to be avoided and environmental degradation is to be reversed. As India is using her water resources with growing intensity, poor rainfall increasingly leads to national water crises as water tables fall and reservoirs, wetlands and rivers get empty. Global warming could cause further changes, further variability and further uncertainty. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the economic feasibility of agriculture with rainwater harvesting and supplemental irrigation in arid and semiarid regions. We analyze overall pattern of rainfall variation for the period (1990-2001), annual evaporation and depleting groundwater resource of India and their impacts on agriculture, industry and domestic sectors. We conclude that the inadequate use and failure of arresting rainwater may cause agro-economic stagnation, which can be overcome by developing indigenous rainwater harvesting device with the participation of local communities to achieve the targeted growth rate. The traditional exercise of managing rainwater through artificial means may help to nullify the negative impacts of failure of monsoon in a particular year when it occurs to economy and ecology.

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