Characteristics of delayed fluorescence for endpoint of algal growth inhibition test to estimate chemical toxicity

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A conventional method for evaluating chemical toxicity on algae is the 72 h algal growth inhibition test. However, simpler, faster, and lower-cost methods are required to evaluate the toxicity of a large number of chemicals. One simple approach is to measure algal growth with an optical technique in a small-scale algal culture. Here we propose measuring delayed fluorescence（DF），a kind of prolonged ultra-weak fluorescence. DF showed correlation with the number of algal cells, and the detection sensitivity limit was 1 x 104 cells/mL in our experimental setup. DF also showed unique characteristics when measuring a mixture of living and inactivated algae, and the DF signal showed a correlation with the living cell content. We also compared dose-response curves obtained from DF and cell density measurements for two chemicals （p-chlorophenol and m-chloroaniline） in a 24 h exposure test. DF measurement was more sensitive than the cell density measurement, especially at shorter exposure times of less than 8 h. The results suggest that DF is a suitable choice of detection method that is expected to allow algal growth inhibition tests to be conducted in a shorter time.

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