Examination of PCR Protocol and Utility of Various Body Parts as a Sample for Sex Identification in Captive and Wild Birds

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  • YASUNAGA Chiaki
    Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
  • TOYOSAKA Kana
    Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
  • TSUJIMOTO Tsunenori
    Morioka Zoological Park
  • SAITO Yasushi
    Cryobiosystem Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
  • OSAWA Takeshi
    Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
  • MIYAKE Yoh-Ichi
    Laboratory of Theriogenology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine

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  • 動物園鳥類および野生鳥類におけるPCR法による雌雄判別法の検討

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Abstract

The objectives of this study were to examine the utility of various body parts as a sample for sexing birds by PCR, and to establish the optimum PCR conditions and primer sets for sexing various bird species. A total of 218 samples consisting of blood, quill, rachis, down, pectoral muscle, decayed organ, skin, and crusta from 45 different bird species in captivity and the wild were collected. In 181 samples (31 of the 45 species), individual males and females were available. Optimum PCR conditions and primer sets in their respective species were established for sex identification, and amplified sex specific genes on W-chromosome and control gene on W/Z-chromosome were separated by electrophoresis. All of the blood samples and 98% of the quill samples studied were useful for sexing birds by PCR. Of the 181 samples, 175 samples were sexually determined. Sex of the individuals in 7 species was estimated, although no decisive sexing could be done because sexually known individuals were limited to either male or female. In the other 7 species, sex could not be determined because all the samples from the same species showed only a male or female electrophoresis profile by PCR. In conclusion, quill was shown to be a useful specimen for this PCR protocol, which is a practical method for sex identification of a variety of avian species. This technique has the potential to promote breeding programs in captive and wild birds.

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