鶏卵流通における継続的取引と鳥インフルエンザ発生時の取引継続の可能性に関する研究

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  • An Inquiry upon Successive Trade of Shell Egg Marketing and its Continuity in Case of an Avian Influenza Outbreak
  • ケイラン リュウツウ ニ オケル ケイゾクテキ トリヒキ ト トリ インフルエンザ ハッセイジ ノ トリヒキ ケイゾク ノ カノウセイ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ

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Eggs are traded successively between certain parties. In this article, the mechanism of this successive trade relationship is investigated to examine the possibility of the continuity of trade after an avian influenza (AI) outbreak. The concepts of relational contracts and relation-specific skills are employed to model the mechanism, and the derived models are then employed to check the trade continuity in the case of an AI outbreak. Some solutions expected to avoid trade termination have already been proposed, and two of them are analyzed in this study to gauge their effectiveness. The main results are as follows: in the successive trade between producer (farmer) and retailer, the growth of relation-specific and versatile skills does not necessarily lead to an increase in the relational quasi-rent as to convince both parties to continue that trade. In addition, significant damage to the relational quasi-rent for branded eggs is expected in an AI outbreak. This will make trade continuity rather difficult. In the successive trade through wholesalers, producers have some difficulty in developing their skills in the successive trade of regular eggs, especially through wholesalers who only act as middlemen. Although it may be easy for the producer to prepare substitute eggs for AI in this case, the trade will not easily continue after the eradication. Analysis of the solutions shows that trade continuity can be fortified by the following measures: developing relation-specific skills between producer and retailer, preparing a supply structure that absorbs some of the reduction in the value of eggs in the case of AI, and setting proper quality standards for substitute eggs.

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