葉菜類の最適夜温制御

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タイトル別名
  • Optimum Night Temperature Control of Leaf-Vegetables
  • ヨウサイルイ ノ サイテキ ヤオン セイギョ

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Optimum night temperature control for the leaf-vegetables. Recently the importance of stable and efficient production in agriculture is pointed out, many green houses are built and the plant factory is in actual operation. The optimum growth of the plants by the regulation of the environment is very important. The air temperature control at night is economically more profitable than that in the day time. Therefore, the effect of an optimum night temperature control is considered in this paper. The experimented vegetable is lettuce, grown by the hydroponic culture in the growth chamber, and the dry-weight is selected as the plant character.<br>The dry-weight of the plant decreases by the respiration at night. But the water in the body of the leaves is necessary for the photosynthesis in the next day. Therefore the optimum night temperature must be determined by the balance of the respiration and the water absorption. The relationship between the water weight change of plant and the night temperature was examined by the plant weighing apparatus. The photosynthetic rate was measured by the mass-spectrometer and the dry-weight change in the daytime is described by the mean light intensity, the mean temperature, the total weight and the total-weight/dry-weight ratio (η) in the daytime.<br>From these results, the optimum night temperature, at which the dry-weight change from the beginning of the night to the end of the next daytime is maximum, was calculated with the maximum principle.<br>The result obtained is summarized as follows.<br>If either (1) or (2) is satisfied, the night temperature should be raised initially and lowered rapidly at the end.<br>(1) In the next day, the light intensity is high, the temperature is suitable, and the total weight of plant is light.<br>(2) In the present day, the diurnal humidity is low and the light is high.<br>This night temperature control is a predict control and the optimum temperature depends on the weather of the next day. It is expected that the plant growth with the temperature controlled by this method is over 10% faster than with the fixed temperature.

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