Gas Flow Rate in the Gas-Injected Arc-in-Water Method as a Critical Factor to Synthesize High-Dispersion Pd–Ni Alloy Nanoparticles in Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns

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Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) can be synthesized by a gas-injected arc-in-water (GI-AIW) method, in which N2 injection is used to generate arc discharge between a graphite anode rod and a holey graphite cathode submerged in water. In the present study, a set of Pd and Ni wires was inserted in a hole drilled axially on a graphite anode rod to synthesize SWCNHs including Pd–Ni alloy nanoparticles (Pd–Ni/SWCNHs) by a one-step method. The N2 flow rate was varied to investigate its effect on the product yield and size of the Pd–Ni alloy nanoparticles. It was found that an optimized value of the flow rate existed at which the highest yield could be achieved. Further, it was observed that the dispersion of Pd–Ni nanoparticles increased with increasing N2 flow rate. It was remarkable that the Pd/Ni atomic ratio in the alloy nanoparticles was preserved when the N2 flow rate was changed. In contrast, this ratio changed with variations in the Pd and Ni wire diameters, made to change the particle diameter.

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