交流電圧による真空中有機固体絶縁物の帯電現象

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  • Charging Phenomena of a Polymeric Insulator Exposed to AC in Vacuum
  • コウリュウ デンアツ ニ ヨル シンクウ チュウ ユウキ コタイ ゼツエンブツ ノ タイデン ゲンショウ

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Despite of extensive researches conducted so far on the surface flashover phenomena in vacuum, the knowledge about surface charging under AC voltage excitation is limited. This paper focuses on charging process and characteristics of the accumulated charge on an insulating spacer exposed to AC voltage in vacuum. We employed an electrostatic probe technique that allowed online measurement of electric field on the grounded electrode and thus the surface charge. The insulator specimen was made of PMMA, and was in the shape of a right cylinder with 10 mm in thickness. The side surface was polished to have an average roughness of sub microns, or roughened up to several microns. As a result, we have found that the charging is characterized by three different states; Initiation, Quasi-stable state and Stable state. With comparatively smooth surface the charging takes place at every voltage phase, accompanied by current pulses, when the applied voltage peak exceeds several kilo volts. The charge, of which polarity is positive irrespective of the voltage phase, increases in amount for a short period of time. After passing the period, the charging reaches Quasi-stable state, where the probe signal consists of DC and periodical components. Within several minutes after the Quasi-stable state has been established the charging turns into Stable state, where the periodical component disappears and only the DC component remains. At the Stable state current pulses also disappears, meaning that the charging activities are suspended until higher voltages are applied. At near the triple junction on the grounded electrode, the DC component almost equals to or can be higher than the applied one. Correspondingly to our previous results with DC voltage excitations, roughening the insulator surface results in decrease in charge magnitude, thus increase in the insulation strength.

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