Measures to prevent serious leakage due to third-party mechanical impact for secure higher-pressurized natural gas pipelines

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  • 高圧ガスパイプラインにおける衝撃による大規模漏洩の防止対策
  • コウアツ ガス パイプライン ニ オケル ショウゲキ ニ ヨル ダイキボ ロウエイ ノ ボウシ タイサク

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Abstract

The recommended practice proposed by the Japanese government describes the base requirements for design, operation, and maintenance of secure natural gas pipelines, in which operators are required to prevent serious leakage from the pipelines even in the rare event of third-party mechanical impact, as this can cause several types of large-scale fracture resulting in serious leakage of flammable natural gas, including brittle fractures and serious ductile fractures such as a rupture and a dynamic ductile fracture. These large-scale fractures can be perfectly controlled by the following measures: (1) specifying the fracture toughness of the line-pipe material, that is, the appropriate values of shear fracture area percent from the drop-weight tear test (DWTT) to prevent brittle fractures, and absorption energy from the Charpy impact test to prevent ductile fractures;and (2) applying the lower design factor to the pipelines, which is the ratio of the hoop stress to the flow stress of the pipe material. The required values of the Charpy energy for secure pipelines could be calculated using the conventional equation or evaluation method; however, it is noted that recent studies clarify that these sometimes give non-conservative results regarding fracture criteria when evaluating integrity of recent higher-pressurized gas pipelines applying line-pipe steel having a higher strength and a higher fracture toughness.

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