A Vesicular Transporter That Mediates Aspartate and Glutamate Neurotransmission

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  • Miyaji Takaaki
    Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University
  • Omote Hiroshi
    Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Moriyama Yoshinori
    Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Aspartate, an excitatory amino acid, is known to be stored in synaptic vesicles and exocytosed from some neurons to perform aspartergic neurotransmission. Through in vitro reconstitution, we found that sialin, a lysosomal sialic acid exporter, is responsible for the vesicular storage of aspartate in hippocampal neurons and pinealocytes. Mutations found in Salla disease cause decreased aspartate transport activity without affecting sialic acid transport. Thus, sialin is a multifunctional transporter. It is possible that people with Salla disease lose the ability of aspartergic neurotransmission, and this could explain why Salla disease involves severe neurological defects.

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