Diagnostic Significance and Clinical Applications of Chimeric Genes in Ewing's Sarcoma

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  • Yoshino Naoko
    Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nihon University
  • Kojima Tetsuko
    Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nihon University
  • Asami Satoru
    Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nihon University
  • Motohashi Shigeyasu
    Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nihon University
  • Yoshida Yoshikazu
    Department of Hospital Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Nihon University
  • Chin Motoaki
    Department of Advanced Medicine, Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, School of Medicine, Nihon University
  • Shichino Hiroyuki
    Department of Advanced Medicine, Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, School of Medicine, Nihon University
  • Yoshida Yukihiro
    Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Nihon University
  • Nemoto Norimichi
    Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Nihon University
  • Kaneko Michio
    Department of Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba
  • Mugishima Hideo
    Department of Advanced Medicine, Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, School of Medicine, Nihon University
  • Suzuki Takashi
    Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nihon University

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Description

Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is one of the most malignant bone and soft tissue tumors in childhood. Morphologically, ES belongs to the small round cell tumors (SRCT). ES, peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), and Askin's tumor are classified as ES family tumors (ESFT) because they share a common chromosomal translocation. The EWS-FLI1 chimeric gene is generated by t (11; 22). Other reciprocal translocations resulting in formation of chimeric genes between EWS and ETS family genes (ERG, ETV1, E1AF, and FEV) are t (21; 22), t (7; 22), t (17; 22), and t (2; 22), respectively. Although it is generally difficult to distinguish ES from SRCT, we could easily and quickly distinguish ES from other SRCT by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We looked for specific chimeric genes in 23 tumor samples, including three ES clinical samples. We detected five chimeric genes in the three ES samples. Three chimeric genes, all EWS-FLI1, were detected in one ES sample. Different chimeric genes, EWS-ERG and EWS-ETV1, were detected in the other two ES samples. Moreover, because we could not detect specific chimeric genes in samples from non-ESFT, it may be possible to use this technique to diagnose ESFT and to detect tumor cell contamination before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

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