Proteomic Analysis of Two Types of Exosomes in Human Whole Saliva

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  • Ogawa Yuko
    Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University
  • Miura Yuri
    Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
  • Harazono Akira
    Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences
  • Kanai-Azuma Masami
    Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine
  • Akimoto Yoshihiro
    Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine
  • Kawakami Hayato
    Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine
  • Yamaguchi Teruhide
    Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences
  • Toda Tosifusa
    Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
  • Endo Tamao
    Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
  • Tsubuki Masayoshi
    Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
  • Yanoshita Ryohei
    Department of Biology, Hoshi University

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Saliva contains a large number of proteins that participate in the protection of oral tissue. Exosomes are small vesicles (30—100 nm in diameter) with an endosome-derived limiting membrane that are secreted by a diverse range of cell types. We have recently demonstrated that exosomes are present in human whole saliva. In this study, we found that whole saliva contained at least two types of exosomes (exosome I and exosome II) that are different in size and protein composition. Proteomic analysis revealed that both types of exosomes contained Alix, Tsg101 and Hsp70, all exosomal markers, immunoglobulin A and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, whereas they had different protein compositions. Most of dipeptidyl peptidase IV known as CD26 in whole saliva, was present on the exosome II and metabolically active in cleaving chemokines (CXCL11 and CXCL12). Human whole saliva exosomes might participate in the catabolism of bioactive peptides and play a regulatory role in local immune defense in the oral cavity.

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