Gene Expression Profiling of Human Mast Cell Subtypes: An In Silico Study

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  • Saito Hirohisa
    Department of Allergy & Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development Research Unit for Allergy Transcriptome, Research Center for Allergy & Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute
  • Matsumoto Kenji
    Department of Allergy & Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development
  • Okumura Shigeru
    Research Unit for Allergy Transcriptome, Research Center for Allergy & Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute
  • Kashiwakura Jun-ichi
    Research Unit for Allergy Transcriptome, Research Center for Allergy & Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute
  • Oboki Keisuke
    Research Unit for Allergy Transcriptome, Research Center for Allergy & Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute
  • Yokoi Hidenori
    Research Unit for Allergy Transcriptome, Research Center for Allergy & Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute
  • Kambe Naotomo
    Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
  • Ohta Ken
    Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine
  • Okayama Yoshimichi
    Research Unit for Allergy Transcriptome, Research Center for Allergy & Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute

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Background: Human mast cells (MCs) were classified into at least two subtypes, i.e., tryptase- and chymase-positive MCs (MCTC) and tryptase-only-positive MCs (MCT). However, differences in global molecular expression between these subtypes are unknown.<br> Methods: We analyzed public microarray data of MC subtypes derived from various tissues and those of peripheral blood granulocytes by using hierarchical clustering methods to understand the global gene expression profiles.<br> Results: All the transcripts subjected to this clustering analysis were classified into two large clusters, i.e., MC-preferential or granulocyte-preferential. In the original works, MCs from tonsil, lung and skin had been cultured for more than several weeks to obtain highly viable and pure cell populations, and these MCs retained their typical profiles such as intensities of chymase protein expression. Most of the transcripts were commonly expressed by these MC subtypes. However, tonsil-derived MCs and skin-derived MCs but not lung-derived MCs expressed high levels of chymase (CMA1) as expected for the properties of MCTC and MCT. These CMA1-high MCs and CMA1-low MCs respectively expressed distinct sets of transcripts as small gene clusters as well as CMA-1 even after being cultured in the absence of a tissue environment.<br> Conclusions: The MC lineage seems to be far from the granulocyte lineages including basophils. CMA1-high MCs (MCTC) and CMA1-low MCs (MCT) can be regarded as differentiated MC subtypes. As such, importance of data analysis studies will be increasing along with the accumulation of global molecular data in the public database.<br>

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