Inhibitory Effect of Shikonin on Candida albicans Growth

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  • Miao Hao
    School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
  • Zhao LiuYa
    School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, P. R. China
  • Li ChunLi
    School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
  • Shang QingHua
    School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, P. R. China
  • Lu Hui
    School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, P. R. China
  • Fu ZiJin
    School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, P. R. China
  • Wang Li
    School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
  • Jiang YuanYing
    School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, P. R. China
  • Cao YingYing
    School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, P. R. China

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  • Inhibitory Effect of Shikonin on <i>Candida albicans</i> Growth

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Our study showed that Shikonin (SK) could provide an action against almost all Candida albicans isolates tested. More importantly, to some Fluconazole (FCZ)-resistant Candida albicans, the action of SK (MIC80 value 4 µg/mL) was shown to be >16 times higher than that of FCZ (MIC80 >64 µg/mL). To clarify the mechanism underlying this action, we performed a comparative study in untreated control C. albicans and C. albicans treated with SK. In this study, we found that SK treatment increased generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, anti-oxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) could reduce the antifungal activity of SK significantly in C. albicans. Our analyses also identified 9 differentially expressed genes, which were related to glycolysis-related genes (CDC19 and HXK2), fermentation-related genes (ALD5 and ADH1), antioxidant defense-related genes (SOD2 and SOD5), thioredoxin reductase-related gene (TRR1), mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain-related gene (MRF1) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidoreductase-related gene (EBP1). These results suggest that mitochondrial aerobic respiration shift and endogenous ROS augmentation contribute to the action of SK against C. albicans.

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