VERBAL MEDIATION PROCESSES IN NORMAL AND MENTALLY : RETARDED CHILDREN IN NUMBER CONCEPT ATTAINMENT

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  • 普通児及び精神遅滞児の言語媒介過程 : 数概念達成場面を中心にして
  • フツウジ オヨビ セイシン チタイジ ノ ゲンゴ バイカイ カテイ スウ ガイ

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Some verbal mediation studies have pointed out that mentally retarded children show a mediational deficit. These studies have used ability in verbal knowledge and conceptual naming as elements. However, they do not mention how these elements operate on the verbal mediation process. The purpose of this study was to investigate verbal mediation in normal and retarded children from the standpoint of logical operations by classification using a number concept attainment task. There were two groups; 11 mentally retarded children (average MA 5.1) and 11 normal children (average MA 4.6). Each group was divided into subgroups A and B. In the first session, groups A and B underwent test trials after experiencing verbal and non-verbal trials respectively. One week later in the second session, the procedures were reversed for each group. The subjects were presented with 2-5 number sets in the verbal trials and were required to say "more" or "less". In these trials, 5 was the correct response. In the nonverbal trials, subjects were presented with 1-4 number sets. In these trials, 1 was the correct answer. Subjects who met criterion in the verbal or non-verbal trials were given the test trials in which 10 sets of numbers were paired randomly. The results were as follows. 1) The percentage of subjects who met criterion in the verbal and non-verbal trials was 61.1% in the mentally retarded group and 88.8% in the normal group. 2) There was no significant difference in the amount of trials needed to reach criterion in groups A and B, in either condition in both groups. 3) The mean number of correct responses in the test trial was 9.3 in normal children in the verbal and non-verbal conditions. It was 7.2 in the verbal condition and 5.5 in the non-verbal condition in mentally retarded children. 4) The percentage of correct responses on the first trial of the test trials was 90.9% in normal children in both verbal and non-verbal conditions. It was 63.6% and 45.4% respectively in mentally retarded children. The above-mentioned results were discussed from the point of view of logical operations by classification.

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