Reversing Land Degradation from Wind Erosion in Inner Mongolia: the Choice between Grass and Bush Restoration or Conservation Tillage of Contour Strip Plantings Depends on Hill Slopes and Rainfall

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Due to inadequate land use under population pressure and increasingly varying climates, the central and west Inner Mongolia is becoming a dust storm source affecting the North China. In the cold dry regions of the northern foothills of the Yinshan Mountains, serious wind erosion has degraded soils. Hill soils were increasingly vulnerable with increasing slopes. <br>　In China the ecological term of “ecotone” is used to indicate the region between full grazing and full cultivation where few studies deal with. Environmental degradation made the ecotone the poorest area since 1970s. To combat this situation, firstly water erosion on hills was overcome by replacement of the traditional ploughing and planting on slopes into contour fields. To tackle the wind erosion, disc ploughing was replaced by conservation tillage. And spring drought was mitigated by micro irrigation with sowing. <br>　The Wuchuan County Dryland Farming Experiment Station developed an approach with a hill as a unit, in which the top is used for no-grazing restoration, using pioneer vegetation, succession laws and adaptation principles. The lower slopes less than 15 degrees are designated for contour fields with strip intercropping. Cropping is intensified while more area is returned to grassland, compensating farmers with cereals and cash. Advice is given to decrease cropping/grassland ratio when the rainfall decreases from south to north. A lot of research in erosion protection, grassland restoration and compensation of conversion is still needed before the poorer farmers are able to convert their farming systems with confidence and profit on a large scale.

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  • 農業気象

    農業気象 60 (5), 337-341, 2005

    日本農業気象学会

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