視床–大脳皮質経路による運動の制御：ニホンザルの眼球運動を指標とした研究

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  • Role of the primate thalamocortical pathways in the generation of eye movements
  • シショウ-ダイノウ ヒシツ ケイロ ニ ヨル ウンドウ ノ セイギョ : ニホンザル ノ ガンキュウ ウンドウ オ シヒョウ ト シタ ケンキュウ

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Since the volitional movements are impaired in the subjects with a variety of basal ganglia or frontal lobe dysfunctions, the signals from the basal ganglia through the thalamus to the frontal cortex might be essential for the generation of these movements. Recently, we performed some experiments in Japanese monkeys, Macaca fuscata, and showed a couple of evidence that the basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop plays a role in the generation of volitional saccade eye movements. First, the time courses of preparatory activity in the thalamus and dorsomedial frontal cortex were different depending on the timing of self-initiated saccades. Furthermore, both inactivation and stimulation experiments indicated that these signals played a causal role. Second, we used the anti-saccade task to examine the neural mechanisms of self-controlled behavior. In this task, monkeys were instructed to suppress reflexive saccades to peripheral visual stimuli (pro-saccade), and instead make a saccade in the opposite direction (anti-saccade). The neuronal modulation in the basal ganglia and the motor thalamus was greater during anti-saccades than pro-saccades, and inactivation of these areas solely impaired anti-saccades. These results showed that the signals in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical pathways regulate the voluntary control of eye movements such as self-initiation and reflex suppression. This neural mechanism could be generalized to other motor systems and cognitive functions that are also regulated by the signals through the basal ganglia-thalamocortical pathways.

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