Studies on the control of gaseous environment in the rhizosphere. (3). Effects of CO2 concentration and temperature in the rhizosphere on growth of cucumber.

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  • KITAYA Yoshiaki
    Lab. of Environmental Control in Agriculture, College of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture
  • YABUKI Kazutoshi
    Lab. of Environmental Control in Agriculture, College of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture
  • KIYOTA Makoto
    Lab. of Environmental Control in Agriculture, College of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture

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  • 根圏ガス環境の制御に関する研究　ＩＩＩ　　キュウリの生育に対する根圏のＣＯ２濃度と温度の影響
  • 根圏ガス環境の制御に関する研究(3) : キュウリの生育に対する根圏のCO2濃度と温度の影響
  • コンケン ガス カンキョウ ノ セイギョ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ 3 キュウ
  • (3) Effects of CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration and Temperature in the Rhizosphere on Growth of Cucumber
  • (3) キュウリの生育に対する根圏のCO<sub>2</sub>濃度と温度の影響

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Abstract

Growth of cucumber plant is suppressed with increase of CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere. In the present study, effects of CO2 concentration and temperature in the rhizosphere on growth of cucumber was investigated.<br>(1) In order to find the effects of CO2 concentration and temperature in the rhizosphere on the photosynthetic and transpiration rates, gas mixtures containing 0-30% CO2 were supplied into the rhizosphere at temperature of 15°C, 20°C and 30°C.<br>As a result, when CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere was 30%, photosynthetic rates 2 hours after the treatment decreased to 70% and 90% at 15°C and 20°C, respectively, while it decreased slightly at 30°C. Furthermore, after 8 hours it decreased to 70% even at 20°C. Thus, the temperature was low, the suppression of the photosynthetic rate by CO2 enrichment in the rhizosphere occurred earlier and was more serious.<br>Effects of CO2 enrichment in the rhizosphere on transpiration rates at 15°C, 20°C and 30°C were similar to those on photosynthetic rates.<br>(2) In order to find the effects of CO2 concentration and temperature in the rhizosphere on the growth of cucumber plants, growth rates were investigated at 20°C, 25°C and 30°C, by supplying rhizospheres with fresh air or air containing 2% CO2.<br>Eleven days after the treatment, dry weight of a whole plant supplied with air containing 2% CO2 decreased by 12% and 10% at 20°C and 25°C, respectively, when compared to the fresh air treatment, while it decreased slightly at 30°C. As the temperature became lower, the growth was more seriously suppressed by CO2 enrichment in the rhizosphere.<br>(3) The suppression of plant growth was recovered by the forced aeration of fresh air into the soil because of the reduction of CO2 concentration in the rhizosphere. In order to investigate how much the effect of forced aeration depended on temperature, cucumber was cultivated at 23°C and 28°C, with or without aeration of fresh air into soil.<br>Fifteen days after the beginning of the treatment, CO2 concentration in soil without aeration was 0.4-1.2%. On the other hand, that in soil with aeration was only 0.06%. Dry weight of a whole plant cultivated at 23°C with aeration was greater than that cultivated without aeration by 26%, while it was 11% at 28°C. It was proved that the forced aeration into the rhizosphere showed a remarkable effect on plant growth when the temperature was low.

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