ハリヨ (<I>Gasterosteus aculeatus microcephalus</I>) における転位行動について

The purpose of this study is to examine eligibility of surplus and disinhibition theories of displacement activities (3, 5, 6, ) by observing fighting and mating behaviors in Hariyo-sticklebacks which were first described by MAEDA, Y. (9) <BR>The Hariyo-sticklebacks, natively inhabited in Samegai, Shiga-Ken, Japan, were transferred and raised in aquarium for experimental purposes. The behaviors were recorded by 8mm cinema with memotiming device which shot 100 pictures a minute and by time-scaled check sheets with 10 predecided behavioral categories.<BR>1) Displacement activities in fighting situation.<BR>The following situations were set in this experiment.<BR>(a) A tank (30×30×60 cm) was divided into two compartments by a transparent partition. One male was put in the left compartment. Twenty hours later another male was put in the right (A, B, C in Table 1).<BR>(b) A tank of the same size as in (a) was divided into two compartments by a two-layers partition of a transparemt and a translucent plates. One male was put at one time in each of both compartments. Twenty hours later only the translucent plate was drawn out (D in Table 1).<BR>(c) This situation was the same as in (b) excepting that the translucent partition was not drawn out until both males made up their nests (E in Table 1).<BR>In the condition (c), the level of fighting drive should be the highest. TINBERGEN, N. said when the level of fighting drive was heightened, displacement digging occurred which showed almost the same behavioral pattern as in true digging (7). Table 1 shows that in situation (b) or (c), the occurrences of threatening were high but few diggings were observed. As for determination of alternative occurrence of threatening and digging, surplus energy is less appropriate than available time by ROWELL, C. H. F. (1). This conclusion is supported by Table 2 and 3.<BR>11) Displacement activities in mating situation.<BR>TINBERGEN stated nest-building behaviors in mating situation were displacement activities. The results of our study, however, indicated that the male returned to the nest mainly to build or to repair it after pushing back the female (Fig. 4). Pushing back female also occurred when the nest was absent or incomplete. Since the nest was of primary importance in mating, nest-buildings in mating situation not concluded as displacement activities.