Mitochondria Regulate the Differentiation of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

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  • Kato Hiroki
    Section of Oral Medicine for Child, Division of Oral Health, Growth & Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
  • Thi Mai Pham Thanh
    Section of Oral Medicine for Child, Division of Oral Health, Growth & Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
  • Yamaza Haruyoshi
    Section of Oral Medicine for Child, Division of Oral Health, Growth & Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
  • Masuda Keiji
    Section of Oral Medicine for Child, Division of Oral Health, Growth & Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
  • Hirofuji Yuta
    Section of Oral Medicine for Child, Division of Oral Health, Growth & Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
  • Han Xu
    Section of Oral Medicine for Child, Division of Oral Health, Growth & Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
  • Sato Hiroshi
    Section of Oral Medicine for Child, Division of Oral Health, Growth & Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
  • Taguchi Tomoaki
    Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
  • Nonaka Kazuaki
    Section of Oral Medicine for Child, Division of Oral Health, Growth & Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University

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Abstract

<p>Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are isolated from the dental pulp tissue of primary teeth and can differentiate into neuronal cells. Although SHED are a desirable type of stem cells for transplantation therapy and for the study of neurological diseases, a large part of the neuronal differentiation machinery of SHED remains unclear. Recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial activity is involved in the differentiation of stem cells. In the present work, we investigated the neuronal differentiation machinery of SHED by focusing on mitochondrial activity. During neuronal differentiation of SHED, we observed increased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased mitochondrial DNA, and elongated mitochondria. Furthermore, to examine the demand for mitochondrial activity in neuronal differentiation, we then differentiated SHED into neuronal cells in the presence of rotenone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), a mitochondrial uncoupler, and found that neuronal differentiation was inhibited by treatment with rotenone and CCCP. These results indicated that increased mitochondrial activity was crucial for the neuronal differentiation of SHED.</p><p>Key words: mitochondria, differentiation, stem cells, dental pulp, exfoliated deciduous teeth</p>

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