Variation in Seed Fertility and Fatty Acid Composition in the Allohexaploids between Brassica carinata and Sinapis Species with the Advance of Generations.

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Allohexaplods were bred from crosses involving Brassica carinata and two species of Sinapis;S.arvensis and S.turgida followed by colchicine treatment in order to study the interaction of the genome of the two genera in the expression of allyl-glucosinolate and p-hydrooxybenzyl-glucosinolate under combined conditions (B and S genomes). The allohexaploids of B.carinata×S.arvensis (CaSar-strains) and B.carinata×S.turgida (C-and T-strains) were studied for their stabilization process of seed fertility and fatty acid composition as internal components during F2-F4 generations. Plants with a high seed fertility were selected in all the generations and were advanced through self-and sib-cross-pollination. In the F2 generation, the seed fertility increased in all the strains through self-and sib-cross-pollination, while in F3 generation, seed fertility decreased due to diseases. In the F4 generation, the seed fertility increased again in all the strains through self-pollination. Fatty acid composition of B.carinata, S.arvensis, S.turgida and their allohexaploids (F2-F4 generations) was analyzed by gas chromatography. B.carinata, S.arvensis, S.turgida and all the strains in the F2-F4 generations contained all of the six fatty acid components; palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosenoic and erucic acid. A significantly higher amount of linoleic acid and a lower amount of linolenic acid were found for all the allohexaploids in all the generations. The variation among the strains for oleic acid and linolenic acid was high. However, variation in the erucic acid composition decreased with the advance of generations in the T-strains. The parents S.arvensis, S.turgida and all the strains in the all generations showed a high variability in both biosynthetic pathways. It only the T-strains were stable in both fatty acid biosynthetic pathways in the F4 generation. However, since the variation in fertility traits and fatty acid composition remained large, considerable improvement may occur in later generations.

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