Chemical Ecology of Astigmatid Mites LIX Neral, the Alarm Pheromone of Schwiebea elongata (Banks) (Acari: Acaridae).

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  • KUWAHARA Yasumasa
    Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan
  • IBI Toyosuke
    Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan
  • NAKATANI Yoko
    Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan
  • RYOUNO Atsushi
    Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan
  • MORI Naoki
    Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan
  • SAKATA Tomoyo
    Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan
  • OKABE Kimiko
    Forest Insect Management Laboratory, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Japan

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Other Title
  • 無気門亜目ダニの化学生態学　第59報． <I>Schwiebea elongata</I> Banks の警報フェロモンとして，ネラールを同定（英文）
  • Chemical ecology of astigmatid mites(59)Neral, the alarm pheromone of Schwiebea elongata(Banks) (Acari:Acaridae)

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Abstract

The alarm pheromone activity was detected in the hexane rinse of Schwiebea elongata, the pool mite strain. The GC profile of the large scale extraction of mites revealed four components, and their chemical structures were identified by comparing their GC/MS spectra and GC retention times with those of authentic compounds, as follows; neral {3,7-dimethyl-(Z)-2,6-octadienal}, geranial {3,7dimethyl-(E)-2,6-octadienal}, neryl formate {3,7-dimethyl-(Z)-2,6-octadienal formate}, and n-tridecane. The alarm pheromone activity was only detected in fractions of 5% and 10% ether in hexane eluates from an SiO2 column, and these fractions consisted only of a set of peaks, neral and geranial. Neral was the major component along with tridecane, and its percentage in citral (a mixture of neral and geranial) was differed among samples analyzed such as 94% in the small scale extraction, 90% in large scale extraction, and 79% in the active SiO2 column eluate. The synthetic neral (purity 91% and yield 83%) was active at 10-100 ng-dose, while geranial (purity 98% and yield 32%) was hundred times less active than neral (active at ng-dose ppm), therefore neral was identified as the alarm pheromone.

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