Studies on acaroid mites II. : Observations on the growth requirements of the sugar-mite, Carpoglyphus lactis (Linnaeus, 1758)

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  • Iimuro Isamu
    Dep. of Parasitology, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo

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  • コナダニ類の研究 II. : サトウダニの繁殖條件について
  • コナダニ類の研究-2-
  • コナダニルイ ノ ケンキュウ 2

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In the present paper, results of the experimental studies on the growth of the sugar mite, Carpoglyphus lactis (Linnaeus) under various environmental conditions are presented. The mite has been known to breed abundantly in sugar and in "miso" (fermented bean paste) in Japan, and has called attention as the economic and sanitary pest in these several years. Among various sugar samples in the market, the mite was demonstrated to breed only in crude surgar called as "black", "san-on" and "chujiro", but not in refined sugar. Under optimum temperature and humidity, the number of mites recovered from 1 gram of such crude sugar attained up to 900 after about a month of culture. The humidity requirements of the mite under adequate temperature and food were investigated by cultivating them in "san-on" at 25℃ in glass vials. The humidity in each vial was conditioned by using saturated solutions of KNO_3 (about 92% R. H.), KCl (about 84% R. H.), NaCl (about 75% R. H.), K_2CO_3 (about 42% R. H.) and by water (about 100% R. H.). The breedings of the mite in the sugar were seen only in the vials containing saturated solution of NaCl. In those with higher humidities, the sugar soon began to ferment and resulted in the death of the mites in a few weeks. Under lower humidities, the mites died in a few days by desiccation. The relationship between temperature and the growth of the mite populations was also investigated. At 37℃, the mite seemed to die in a few days. At 28℃, the increase of the mite population was found to in the optimum condition, attaining up to 900 per gram of sugar after 40 days of cultivation. The population density declined rapidly thereafter, when the mite consumed the nutration. At lower temperatures of 25℃, 20℃ or 15℃, the increase of the mite population occurred slower, and the level of the maximum growth density was found to be lower, but the growth of the mites in the sugar sample lasted for longer periods. The construction of the mite populations was analysed by counting the ratio of developmental stages in the life cycle of the mite under various conditions. In earlier stages of the growth, the percentage of larva exceeded those of the other stages, thus showing that the populations were "young." In later phases of cultivations, the ratio of deutonymph increased with the decline of the population densities.

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