空間識と神経伝達物質

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  • Neurochemical Basis of Spatial Orientation

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The neural mismatch hypothesis in the development of motion sickness is widely accepted. Essential to the neural mismatch hypothesis of motion sickness is the neural mismatch signal encoding spatial disorientation.<BR>We examined the neurochemical response to caloric stimulation with hot or cold water in the rat brain. Caloric stimulation with hot or cold water induced biphasic release of glutamate in the vestibular nucleus, indicating that the vestibular input is directly transmitted from the inner ear to the vestibular nucleus. However, hot or cold caloric stimulation induced monophasic release of histamine and acetylcholine in the hypothalamus and hippocampus respectively, suggesting that the neural mismatch signal, but not vestibular input itself, is transmitted to these regions. Our previous study showed that the hypothalamus plays an important role in the vestibulo-autonomic reflex. Since the hippocampus has a "spatial map", the possibility was examined that the hippocampus generates the neural mismatch signal. In our lesion study using a rat model, hippocampal lesion aggravated motion sickness, suggesting that the hippocampus counteracts spatial disorientation. The cerebellar lesion has no effect on the development of motion sickness, suggesting that the cerebellum is not the region generating the neural mismatch signal.

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