Regional Inequality in the Caries Prevalence and Influencing Factors among Three-year-old Children

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  • ISHIDA Naoko
    Department of Oral Health, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University School of Dental Hygiene, Kanagawa Dental University, Junior College
  • NAKAMUKAI Masako
    Department of Oral Health, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University School of Dental Hygiene, Kanagawa Dental University, Junior College
  • ISHIGURO Azusa
    Department of Oral Health, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University Department of Dental Hygiene, Tsurumi Junior College
  • KATO Chizuko
    Hiratsuka Public Health & Welfare Center, Kanagawa Prefectural Government
  • WATANABE Kouko
    Odawara Public Health & Welfare Center, Kanagawa Prefectural Government
  • ARAKAWA Hirohisa
    Department of Oral Health, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University

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Other Title
  • 3歳児のう蝕の有無とその影響要因の地域格差
  • 3サイジノウ ショク ノ ウム ト ソノ エイキョウ ヨウイン ノ チイキ カクサ

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Abstract

<br> We analyzed the regional inequality in dental caries prevalence, factors that may influence the existence of caries such as lifestyle, and risk factors involving 4,047 three-year-old children (2,055 boys and 1,992 girls) who lived in 14 cities in Kanagawa Prefecture, where the prefectural government conducted the Prefecture Resident Survey on the Actual Oral Health Situation in 2011. <br> As a result, regional inequality in caries prevalence was observed among the 14 cities (chi-square test, p<0.001). We also recognized regional inequality in the intake of chewy foods, the habit of eating meals while watching TV or a video, the intake of sweet snacks, intake of sweet drinks, and the use of fluoride dentifrice as risk factors of caries. The risk factors showing a significant odds ratio affecting caries in all 14 cities obtained from a logistic-regression analysis were: the sex, birth order, habit of eating a meal while watching TV or a video, intake of sweet snacks, intake of sweet drinks, and toothbrushing by their guardians. Significant odds ratios such as "birth order" were provided as a risk factor, but no risk factor was detected in five other cities based on a logistic-regression analysis in each city. The items for which a significant difference was recognized were characteristic in each city, unlike in the results of the total of 14 cities. <br> It was shown that regional inequality in caries prevalence existed among 14 the cities in Kanagawa Prefecture, and the risk factors were characteristic according to each city based on this study. However, it was thought that the order of favorable or unfavorable factors such as lifestyle with the regional inequality was not reflected in the order of the caries prevalence rate. It is necessary to analyze the background of these factors and utilize the results to educate each community, with the aim to reduce regional inequality in caries prevalence in three-year-old children in the future.

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