高齢者の聴力の実態について

DOI PubMed 被引用文献20件 参考文献6件 オープンアクセス

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タイトル別名
  • HEARING ACUITY IN THE ELDERLY IN JAPAN

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In Japan, the elderly population has progressively increased. It is therefore expected that various social services for the elderly will be demanded. As most of the elderly have hearing impairment due to presbycusis, it is difficult to communicate smoothly with them. To provide the various social services, it is necessary to investigate hearing acuity in the elderly. Accordingly, the Hearing Research Group, which belongs to the Research Project on Aging and Health in the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, investigated the hearing acuity of people 65 years old, or more.<BR>One thousand one hundred ninety two subjects were divided into five groups, Group A consisted of 170 males and 216 females between 65 and 69 years old, Group B, 186 males and 158 females between 70 and 74; Group C, 147 males and 140 females between 75 and 79; Group D, 63 males and 61 females between 80 and 84; and Group E, 29 males and 22 females 85 years old or more. We examined the 175 subjects 80 years old or more. Therefore, it is considered that this study could indicate the present condition of hearing acuity of the elderly of Japan.<BR>The average hearing levels measured at seven frequencies (125, 250 and 500Hz, and 1, 2, 4, and 8KHz) were 35.0dB in group A. 42.1 in group B, 46.1 in group C, 52.1 in group D, and 55.6 in group E. There were no differences in the average hearing level between males and females in any group.<BR>The audiogram pattern indicated a gradually descending curve in most subjects in all groups.<BR>The average speech discrimination rate was 75.4% in group A, 70% in group B, 63.8% in group C, 59.7% in group D, and 52.1% in group E.<BR>The percentage of subjects showing a short increment sensitivity index of more than 70% was 45.2% in group A, 49.3% in group B, 47.9% in group C. 51.6% in group D, and 59.7% in group D.<BR>In conclusion, hearing loss due to aging tended to be more progressive at higher frequencies while hearing acuity of frequencies covering normal speech was preserved. However, the speech discrimination rate decreased relative to changes in the pure tone hearing level. It was considered that the pathology of hearing loss due to aging begins with retrocochlear changes and cochlear factors are added to retrocochlear changes with aging.

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