くしゃみにおける筋活動と脳幹神経機構

DOI

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Activities of respiratory and intrinsic laryngeal muscles in sneeze and their neural control.
公開日
1985
DOI
  • 10.2468/jbes.36.345
公開者
特定非営利活動法人 日本気管食道科学会

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説明

Sneeze is one of the most essential airway reflexes. In order to study the neuromuscular mechanism of sneeze, experiments were done on 23 anesthetized dogs. Electrical stimulation (0.5-1.0mA, 0.2ms duration, 50 pulses/s) to the nasal membrane interrupted normal respiratory rhythm and evoked sneeze attacks with a latency of 2-3s from the stimulus onset. Sneeze attacks were also evoked by stimulation (20-50μA, 0.2ms duration, 10 pulses/s) delivered to a ventro-medial part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus within the medulla oblongata by means of a glass microelectrode filled with metal.<br>Preceding the beginning of sneeze, the subglottic pressure (SGP) gradually decreased reflecting the preparatory inspiratory phase. During sneeze, it abruptly increased to a peak pressure level of 80-100cm H2O reflecting the explosive expiratory phase. During the preparatory inspiratory phase, the diaphragm (DIA) was activated. Approximately 180ms before the moment of the peak SGP, the increased activity of the DIA was terminated and then the rectus abdominis muscle (RA) became active.<br>The thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) and the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) showed transient and reciprocal discharge patterns. The duration of discharge was about 80ms in both muscles. The switch over from the TA activity to the PCA activity occurred about 90ms preceding the peak SGP. The RA and the TA co-contracted for a brief period of about 60ms. During this period the SGP greatly increased. These observed sequential activation patterns of respiratory and intrinsic laryngeal muscles were essentially similar both in the nasal membrane-induced sneeze and the brainstem-induced one.<br>All these results suggest integrated activity of respiratory and intrinsic laryngeal muscles underlies the sneeze. Such an integration is possibly performed at the level of the medulla oblongata.

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