Mechanisms for Hypoxia Detection in O2-Sensitive Cells

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  • Fujishiro Naoji
    Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
  • Endo Yutaka
    Division of Cell Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
  • Warashina Akira
    Department of Cell and System Physiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine
  • Inoue Masumi

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Since O2 is the bare necessity for multicellular organisms, they develop multiple protective mechanisms against hypoxia. Mammals will adapt to hypoxia in short and long terms. The short-term responses include enhancement of the respiratory and cardiac functions, adrenaline secretion from adrenal medullary cells, and pulmonary vasoconstriction, whereas the long-term response is the increase in erythropoietin production with the consequent increase in red blood cells. Although much work has been done to elucidate molecular mechanisms for O2-sensing for the last ten years, the majority of the mechanisms remain unclear. We will review mechanisms proposed for hypoxia detection in carotid body type I cells, pulmonary artery smooth muscle, adrenal medullary cells, and liver cells, with the special focus on adrenal medullary cells.<br>

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