Development and validation of a sympathy scale.

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  • Uchida Yukiko
    Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
  • Kitayama Shinobu
    Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University

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  • 思いやり尺度の作成と妥当性の検討
  • オモイヤリ シャクド ノ サクセイ ト ダトウセイ ノ ケントウ

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Abstract

The authors developed a 22-item scale of interpersonal sympathy that is informed by relevant practices and meanings of contemporary Japanese cultural context. In three independent samples the scale was shown to be reasonably reliable (α>.80). Furthermore, the scale had a systematic relationship with related variables, hence exhibiting satisfactory construct validity. Specifically, sympathy was positively correlated with both a reported frequency of prosocial behaviors (Study 1) and emotional empathy (Study 2). Moreover, sympathy formed a higher-order factor with interdependent construal of self, which was orthogonal to another higher-order factor comprised of independent construal of self and self-esteem (Study 3). Finally, some directions for future research are discussed.

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