Long-term effect of one encounter with a target on item recognition.

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  • Terasawa Takafumi
    Institute of Psychology, College of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
  • Ohta Nobuo
    Institute of Psychology, College of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba

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  • 単語の再認記憶に及ぼす先行経験の長期的効果
  • タンゴ ノ サイニン キオク ニ オヨボス センコウ ケイケン ノ チョウキテ

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Abstract

Terasawa (1991) explained word-frequency effect in recognition memory as interference caused by preexperimental encounters with a target item. As a result of additional encounters with high-frequency words, target episodes with these words are more difficult to distinguish from pre-experimental encounters than target episodes with low-frequency words. Following Terasawa's proposition, it was hypothesized that recognition performance is influenced by an encounter with the target occurring much earlier, as long as the episode remained outside conscious awareness. Two similar experiments, with intersession interval of four and six months respectively, were carried out to see the effects of the first session on recognition performance in the second session. Each session consists of study and test phases. In the first experiment, high false alarm rate was detected with the items presented in the first session. In the second experiment, in addition to the within-session recognition task, subjects were asked to recognize targets studied in the first session; a task at which they were remarkably successful. These results suggest that a much earlier event may substantially influence memory.

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