態度の“変化に対する抵抗”についての実験的研究

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • An Experimental Study on the Resistance to the Change of Attitudes
  • タイド ノ ヘンカ ニ タイスル テイコウ ニ ツイテ ノ ジッケンテキ ケンキュウ
  • The Resistance in Relation to the Degree to Which Attitudes Anchor in a Group-norm
  • 態度構成条件と抵抗との関係

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説明

It has been demonstrated that those attitudes which anchor in a group-norm show some resistance to a change (3, 10). This fact may suggest that the strength of resistance is determined by such a factor as the degree to which attitudes anchor in a group-norm. The purpose of the present experiment is to clarify the relation of the resistance to the situation in which attitudes are constructed in connection with an experimentally introduced group-norm. The following hypothesis may thus be proposed : when group-anchored attitudes are exposed to a counter-norm pressure, their resistance to a change will be greater with the higher pressure in the situation where they have been constructed.<BR>Method : In order to test this hypothesis it is necessary, (1) to choose a problem in which the member of experimental groups are not conscious of the group-norm, (2) to set groups which differ in terms of the degree of anchorage in the introduced norm, (3) to give them a communication which is contrary to the norm.<BR>The total of 1931 high school students were divided into one control and five experimental groups. For the appraisal of the attitudes was used the nine-point rating scale concerning the question, “How is the personal character formed, by nature or by nurture?” (see Table 1).<BR>The experimental procedure is summarized in Table 2. As it is seen, it consists of two stages, both containing two measurements of the same kind, mediated by the introduction of the norm at the first stage and by the counter-norm communication on the second stage. The norm given at the first stage was the opinion which lies at the seventh point in the scale, i. e., that the character of the person is formed almost by the influence of the external environment, and this norm was given to all five experimental groups under each different condition. The counter-norm communication given by the experimenter at the second stage was the instruction that the second point in the scale was approved by the majority of the students of a certain college, and also the reading of the composition, the content of which was that the character is almost formed by the nature and the environmental force plays only the role of a ‘drawer’. There was also set a control group which was given only a counter-norm communication, mediating between two measurements.<BR>Results and discussion : The amount of conformity on the first stage was found to be arranged in the following order : C1=C2<C3<C4<C5 (see Table 5). It may therefore be generally assumed that the amount of pressure towards an experimentally introduced norm increases in the same order as above. Since the pressure which works on the members of a group in a situation will produce a change in their attitudes and at the same times lead to the formation of new attitudes, those attitudes formed by a high pressure will show a strong resistance to the change. The strength of resistance at the second stage will thus vary positively with the larger amount of conformity (the change of attitudes) at the first stage. The assumption of this relation between the change and resistance of attitudes has been supported by some previous reports (3, 9) which demonstrate that the amount of a change in the opinion resulting from receiving a communication increases as the pressure towards the uniformity in the group increases. The results given in Tables 5 and 6 did not, however, fully support this assumption because of the exception of the reverse in the expected order between C3 and C4.

収録刊行物

  • 心理学研究

    心理学研究 28 (5), 260-268, 1958

    公益社団法人 日本心理学会

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