EFFECTS OF OBSERVERS' MOTIVATIONAL LEVEL ON VICARIOUS REINFORCEMENT IN PRESCHOOLERS

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  • KAWASHIMA KEIKO
    Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University
  • ISHIBASHI YUMI
    Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University Department of Child Psychology, Hiroshima University

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  • 幼児の代理性強化機能におよぼす動機づけの効果
  • ヨウジ ノ ダイリセイ キョウカ キノウ ニ オヨボス ドウキズケ ノ コウカ

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Abstract

To examine the effect of observers' motivational level (High or Low) on vicarious reinforcement (VR) using the direct comparison method between VR and direct reinforcement (DR), 88 preschoolers were divided into H-VR, H-DR, L-VR and L-DR groups. The motivational level was experimentally manipulated by subjects' need for a toy. During acquisition, Group VR observed Group DR's discrimination performance with reinforcement. On test trials both groups were given the same task without reinforcement. L-VR showed a lower correct percentage than L-DR, while no significant difference was found between H-VR and H-DR. This suggests that for VR to achieve the effect of the same level as DR, observers have to be highly motivated.

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