EXPERIMENTS ON LIPPS ILLUSION OF DIRECTION (1)

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  • Lipps方向錯視に関する実験 (1)
  • Lipps ホウコウサクシ ニ カンスル ジッケン 1 Optimum ジョウケン ノ タンサク
  • EXPLORATION OF OPTIMUM CONDITIONS
  • optimum条件の探索

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The experiments were designed to investigate the optimum illusory effects of the various stimulus factors in Lipps figure (Fig. 1).<br>Variables operated were as follows: (1) d′; distance between refracting lines X and Y (Fig. 6), (2) α, β; angle of refraction in X and Y (Fig. 2). (3) x′, y′; length of accessory lines attached to principal lines x and y, respectively (Fig. 2). (4) Spatial conditions of Lipps figure placed in vertical, horizontal or oblique directions, H, V, h, v, h′, f.<br>Results obtained were as follows:<br>A. The direction of the principal line x in the refracting line X of Lipps figure was seen relatively gently and the direction of y in Y steeply. But, in the absolute deflection, the direction of x in X alone was peen steeply as y in Y alone. After all, the positive illusory effects of Lipps figure were mainly due to the interaction between X and Y in XYX-or YXY-type arrangement (Exper. IX), <br>B. Factors related of form:<br>(1) The effect of the factor of the accessory lines presented the monotonic increasing curve in variation of x′ and the mountain-shaped curve in variation of y′. The maximum points appeared in x′/x=1 and y′/y or y′/d′=1/2 (variations; x′=0-7cm and y′=0-5cm. Exper. III and IV).<br>(2) The effects of the factors of the refracting angles presented the mountain-shaped curves in variations of both α and β. The maximum points appeared in α=-20°--30° and β=15°-20° (variations; α=0°--75° and β=0°-90°. Exper. V, VI and VII).<br>C. Factors related to spatial conditions:<br>(3) The illusory effect of the factor of the distance between X and Y presented the monotonic increasing curve in variation of d′ (variations; d′=0-7cm. Exper. I and II).<br>(4) The minimum illusory effect of the factor of the spatial rotation (anisotropy) of Lipps figure as a whole appered in H- or V-position, where the directions of principal lines coincided with the ordinate or the abscissa, and the maximum in h′- or f-position, where neither the direction of principal lines nor that of the other side-lines l and l′ forming a parallelogram together with them coincided with the ordinate or the abscissa (Exper. VIII).<br>In conclusion, the specific effect in Lipps illusion of direction is caused by the interaction between different kinds of refracting lines X and Y the interaction regulated by the distance d′ and the interior angle φ of parallelogram (Fig. 6). However, the effects of other factors such as the length of accessory lines, the angle of refraction and the anisotropy can never be neglected.

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