Toxicity Evaluation of Dichloroacetic Acid and Estimation of the Tolerable Daily Intake through Oral Route

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  • HASEGAWA Ryuichi
    Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
  • HIROSE Akihiko
    Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
  • NISHIKAWA Akiyoshi
    Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
  • KUREBAYASHI Hideo
    Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
  • EMA Makoto
    Osaka Branch, National Institute of Health Sciences
  • KUROKAWA Yuji
    Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences

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  • ジクロロ酢酸の毒性評価と経口摂取による耐容1日摂取量の算定
  • ジクロロ サクサン ノ ドクセイ ヒョウカ ト ケイコウ セッシュ ニ ヨル タイヨウ 1ニチ セッシュリョウ ノ サンテイ

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Recent toxicity information on dichloroacetic acid, one of drinking water disinfectant by-products was evaluated and the tolerable daily intake (TDI) via an oral administration was re-estimated. There are several new informations including metabolism, carcinogenicity and genotoxicity studies since the latest establishment of WHO drinking water quality guideline at 1992 was pronounced.<br>For general toxicity, TDI was calculated as 12.5 μg·kg-1·d-1 from LOAEL of 125 mg·kg-1·d-1, based on neurotoxicity in rats, divided by uncertainty factor of 10000. In addition to the evidence of carcinogenesis in the mouse liver, a recent chronic study demonstrated that dichloroacetic acid is also carcinogenic in the rat liver. Because there is no strong evidence for dichloroacetic acid-induced genotoxicity, TDI for carcinogenesis was considered as 3.6 μg·kg-1·d-1 from carcinogenic NOAEL of 3.6 mg·kg-1·d-1, divided by uncertainty factor of 1000. For reproductive/developmental toxicity, TDI was estimated as 104 μg·kg-1·d-1 from LOAEL of 31.25 mg·kg-1·d-1, based on testicular toxicity in rats, divided by uncertainty factor 300.

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