Housing reconstruction in war-damaged cities in the late 1940s : creation and distribution of residential housing under Japan's postwar regulatory regime

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  • 1940年代後半の戦災都市における住宅復興 : 戦後統制下の住空間の創出と分配
  • 1940ネンダイ コウハン ノ センサイ トシ ニ オケル ジュウタク フッコウ : センゴ トウセイ カ ノ ジュウクウカン ノ ソウシュツ ト ブンパイ

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Abstract

This paper examines the history of housing reconstruction in postwar Japan, that is, the construction of urban residential housing following Japan's defeat in World War II, providing an historical account of the reconstruction of war-damaged housing from the perspective of the creation and distribution of private residential space under Japan's postwar regulatory regime. Methodologically, rather than examining the "postwar housing shortage" using the framework of the prewar, peacetime "housing shortage," this paper argues that the postwar housing situation was an historically unique situation different from the preceding and subsequent eras. The paper systematically examines the process under which Japan's regulatory regime created and distributed non-commercial, residential housing, during a period when various controls blocked the formation of a system based on commercial supply. It assesses this process in terms of the destruction of the supply structure and changes in the ownership structure. In terms of the creation of non-commercial, residential housing, the paper shows how government-controlled materials, capital, and residential land were used. Finally the paper describes the role of nepotism in the distribution of non-commercial, residential housing, on a rental basis to all levels of society.

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