インド繰棉産業の発展と女子労働力の雇用 : 戦前期農村工業の役割

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  • Employment opportunities of female labor in the cotton ginning industry in prewar India : the significance of rural factories with modern technology
  • インドクリワタ サンギョウ ノ ハッテン ト ジョシ ロウドウリョク ノ コヨウ センゼンキ ノウソン コウギョウ ノ ヤクワリ

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This paper aims to estimate the new opportunities for female employment in machine-ginning factories in prewar India. The hand-ginning production was rapidly replaced by that of machine-ginning factories since the turn of the twentieth century. This substitution was greatly promoted due to rapid increases in the opportunity cost for hand-ginning workers with low productivity. The new factories equipped with ginning machines also provided ample employment opportunities to women workers, in contrast with other manufacturing factories. The statistics, however, for employment size of the female labor force in the prewar period are not available. Thus, in Section I, we specify the typical work and relative size of women workers in a standard ginning factory with the most common technology, based on partial information of various ginning factories. In the process of this confirmation, we clarified the reasons for the suitability of the roller gin (not saw gin) for Indian cotton. In Section II, we estimated the employment size of female labor in the cotton-ginning industry by combining the data of installed gins in Large Industrial Establishments in India with sex ratios of the workers from Industrial Censuses (1911 and 1921) in various provinces. The estimates of nearly 70 thousand female workers in the 1920s and 1930s are considered to be the third largest in the manufacturing industry, next to the food-processing and the cotton-spinning industries. The experience of the cotton-ginning industry provided employment possibilities for women in rural factories with greater linkage effects than in the plantation industries.

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