問題提起 (<特集>両大戦間の社会と経済 : 特にファシズムを中心として)

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  • Society and Economy between the Two World Wars : Introductory Remarks (<THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 44TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC HISTORY SOCIETY>SOCIETY AND ECONOMY BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS)
  • 両大戦間の社会と経済--特にファシズムを中心として
  • リョウ タイセンカン ノ シャカイ ト ケイザイ トクニ ファシズム オ チュ

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説明

Any attempt to give a comprehensive picture of the world between the two World War will find the most important clue in the panic of 1929, for the crisis revealed the basic features of the world economy at this period. As to the stoppage of gold standard and the formation of what is called bloc economy, which resulted from the panic, we should consider them in the context of the development of capitalism on the world-wide scale. The rise and development of Fascism in some countries should also be discussed in that context. The panic 1857 was the first world-wide panic, and ever since panics invariably took the form of world panic. All countries were incorporated, regardless of the stages of economic development they were in, into the capitalistic world market, and their social and economic structures were reorganized so as to accord themselves with international economic situations. Capitalistic systems based on the semi-feudal land ownership (e.g. der junkerliche Grossgrundbesitz in Germany, and parasitic landownership in Japan) were thus established, and for the security of such systems their correlation with the world market was prerequisite. The fact that Fascism rose in the countries whose capitalistic systems had been formed in the specific way mentioned above, and developed in accordance with the formation of bloc economy which effectively meant the disintegration of the world market, seems particularly significant. The subject of our discussion, 'Society and economy between the two World Wars', seem to be too big and complicated a matter to be elucidated in a day or by one writer. The five articles presented below are valuable contributions to the study of the period between the two World Wars. Although they deal with it from different points of view, they nonetheless present essential aspects of the society and economy at that period, and from them a comprehensive picture will finally emerge.

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