一九二〇年代初頭の"社会政策的自由主義" : 福田徳三の「労働国家論」を中心にして

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タイトル別名
  • 'Social Liberalism' in Japan in the early 1920's ; The case of 'Welfare State Theory' of Tokuzo Fukuda
  • 1920年代初頭の′社会政策的自由主義′--福田徳三の「労働国家論」を中心にして
  • 1920ネンダイ ショトウ ノ シャカイ セイサクテキ ジユウ シュギ フクダ

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抄録

Tokuzo Fukuda (1874-1930), who was well known as one of the representative economists from the end of Meiji to early Showa, was also a preeminent thinker. He ceaselessly grasped the actual problems in this country and seeked to solve them. Fukuda as an intellectual was mainly concerned with the relationship between the state and capitalistic society through his life. His idea is centred on social reform by means of voluntary activities and associations of individuals, furthermore on the reconstruction of capitalist state based on the above mentioned social reform. His position may be defined as 'Social Liberalism' and his ideological brocess can be understood as cohesion to show the problems of liberalism in modern Japan. After W. W.I advanced nations faced with severe crisis of their political system, resulting in the case of Weimar Republic in a new system which became the origin of modern state. Japan was not an exception in this world-wide trend. A series of social reforms after W. W.I in Japan (revision of suffrage in 1925, a plan of Labour Union Law and Tenant Act) coincided with it. Fukuda in the 1920's fixed his eyes on these changes at home and abroad. Now he was in the face of difficult task. He had to advance his own 'Social Liberalism', opposing both (1) Socialism, which rapidly exerted influence on intellectual circles, and (2) collaborationism (kyochoshugi) which was adovocated as a new priciple of industrial relations instead of the old paternalism. The theory of 'struggle for welfare' and the 'welfare state theory' which were maintained in his famous writing 'Socialpolicy and class struggle' in 1921 were the products of his pursuit of this task. The former demonstrated the possibilities and necessities of labour movement by the theory of Alfred Marshall and Arthur Cecil Pigou. By reinterpreting 'Das soziale Konigtum' of Lorenz von Stein, the latter constructed the state theory, which appreciated the voluntary activities of workers and aimed at the improvement of their welfare. This essay brings Fukuda in the early 1920's into focus, and attempts to examine the originality and significance of his theories.

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