中国近代における常関制度 : 牛荘洋関による営口常関の管理を中心として

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タイトル別名
  • The Native Custom System in Modern China : Control of Yingkou Native Custom(営口常関) by Newchang Maritime Custom(牛荘洋関)
  • チュウゴク キンダイ ニ オケル ジョウカン セイド ウシ ソウヨウ カン ニ

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In the late Ch'ing period, there were three custom systems, traditional native custom system(常関制度), newly established li-jin system(厘金制度) and maritime custom system(洋関制度). From the financial viewpoint of the Ch'ing dynasty, the relations of three customs system were the process of traditional native custom system giving way to the li-jin system, controlled by the provincial governor, then to the maritime custom system, centrally controlled by the inspector general of customs(総税務司). In November 1901, part of the native customs went under control by nearby maritime customs, which was the result of the Yi-he-tuan(義和団)indemnity problem. But in that background, there was the collapse of the traditional native custom system. The Ch'ing central government attmpted to strengthen the matitime custom system in order to reorganize its custom's revenue.

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