Effects of the Great Kanto Earthquake on the machinery industry in Tokyo : industrial agglomeration and temporary shock

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  • 東京府機械関連工業集積における関東大震災の影響 : 産業集積と一時的ショック
  • トウキョウ フ キカイ カンレン コウギョウ シュウセキ ニ オケル カントウ ダイ シンサイ ノ エイキョウ サンギョウ シュウセキ ト イチジテキ ショック

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Abstract

This article, a historical study in urban industry and industrial clustering, aims to substantiate the effects of the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake on the machinery industry in Tokyo and its recovery process. For this purpose, I compare lists of factories before and after the earthquake, that is, in 1922, 1924, and 1928. Previous studies have described that after the earthquake, factories in Tokyo city relocated to suburban counties because of the serious damage in the city. However, through the analyses in this article, it is confirmed that while the number of factories in the counties increased, those in the city recovered to the pre-earthquake level. This was due to such phenomena as the return of factories to the stricken areas, the boom led by the demand for reconstruction, and the government reconstruction policy. I show that unlike the image offered in earlier research, the temporary shock caused by the earthquake did not completely destroy the industrial clusters but only reduced some of the merits of clustering. Based on this standpoint, I investigate the factors that contributed to the successful recovery of industrial agglomeration.

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