間接統治下における失業保険制度の制定過程 : 戦前・戦時期における社会政策の展開と戦後の日米関係を中心に

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タイトル別名
  • The process of introducing unemployment insurance legislation under the indirect rule of the Allied Occupation
  • 間接統治下における失業保険制度の制定過程--社会政策の継続性に関する一考察
  • カンセツ トウチカ ニ オケル シツギョウ ホケン セイド ノ セイテイ カテ

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抄録

This paper shows the process of the institution of the Japanese unemployment insurance system during the period of occupation. Two issues are dealt with: First of all, both the Japanese government and GHQ attached importance to the way in which social policy had developed in prewar and wartime Japan. The unemployment insurance system which they instituted was based on their evaluation of the state of social policy during World War II. Secondly, recent studies have highlighted the influence of the actions taken by ordinary Japanese people on the process of introducing the unemployment insurance system. These actions were regulated by occupation policy. In the first stage of the occupation, GHQ emphasised social policy, and paid attention to the system of Social insurance, labor protection legislation, public engineering works and the state of mutual aid unemployment societies in the 1920s and 1930s. For GHQ policy one should consult the 'Civil Affairs Handbook', and the reports of the Foreign Economic Administration and the Labor Advisory Committee. Discussions involving the Social Security Consultative Committee and GHQ began in June 1946. GHQ rejected a plan for a comprehensive national insurance system made by the Committee. After that, talks concentrated on two different unemployment insurance proposals, one based on insurance associations, the other based on a national insurance system. The latter was enacted by the Katayama cabinet in December 1947. GHQ realized the need for an unemployment insurance system, when it adopted an industrial policy stressing steel and coal production in December 1946. The system of national unemployment insurance was approved after discussions between the Economic and Scientific Section Finance and Labor Divisions in October 1947.

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