清末の綿紡績企業の経営と市場条件 : 中国民族紡における大生紗廠の位置

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タイトル別名
  • The Manegerial Characteristics of the Chinese Modern Cotton Mills before the First World War
  • シンマツ ノ メンボウセキ キギョウ ノ ケイエイ ト シジョウ ジョウケン

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説明

The Shanghai Machine Weaving Mill started operation in 1890 after a long thirteen year gestation period, which seems to show an unfortunate beginning of the Chinese cotton industry. The cotton mills amounted to thirty-one including foreigner-owned ones until the First World War, but almost all fell into a long slump in business. It is usually said that their failure was due to the foreign imperialism and inner feudalism. But facts do not necessarily support such a common view to the best of the author's investigation. Rather the determining point seems to have been whether the entrepreneurs could successfully overcome the obstacles, especially hua-kuei sha-chien (花貴紗賊 simultaneous rise of price of raw cotton together with fall of that of yarn) as a characteristic condition of the Chinese market. In this paper the author attempts to shed light upon the managerial aspects of the native-owned mills with reference to the attitude toward the conditions of market. Main sources are contemporary nespapers and observations, and Business Reports of Dah Sun Cotton Mill (大生紗廠). Some basic facts found are as follows. Firstly even if the first mill had been erected earlier without the monopoly right, potential possibility of development of the Chinese cotton industry could not have been estimated too much especially because of their extremely poor entrepreneurship. Secondly the phenominon of hua-kuei sha-chien frequently occurred with a socio-economic mechanism peculiar to that time and place. Thirdly there were three types of entrepreneurs: bureaucrats, merchants, and modern shen-shang (紳商). While the first two failed in getting over that barrier through their very bureaucratic and speculative management, the last, as typically in the case of Dah Sun, could win success with the positive policy of buying raw cotton en masse cheaply in every crop season. It is the traditional factors, his social prestige and good qualities as the traditional elite and the regular payment of kuan-li (官利) that made it possible for him to raise much money and adopt such a positive policy. Lastly the success of Dah Sun seems to be due to such an excellent entrepreneurship rather than the condition of location which has usually been emphasized. At least it is certain that the potential possibility of their industrial development did depend upon the supply of the high entrepreneurship.

収録刊行物

  • 社会経済史学

    社会経済史学 45 (5), 537-564,598-59, 1980

    社会経済史学会

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