Exploitation of Intellectual Property Rights for Agriculture Promotion(<Special Issue>Restructuring of Japanese Agriculture)

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  • 知的財産権を活用した農業振興の可能性(<特集>構造再編下の日本農業)
  • 知的財産権を活用した農業振興の可能性
  • チテキ ザイサンケン オ カツヨウ シタ ノウギョウ シンコウ ノ カノウセイ

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This study examines the possibility of promoting Japanese agriculture by using intellectual property rights. In particular, it analyzes both a license-based Pink Lady apple business (i.e., club system) at a global scale and a strategy linked to producing a new variety of Japanese strawberry. Club system using plant breeders' right and trademark right was originally developed by local governments and farmers' organizations in Australia. They developed in European markets after the 1990s by combining an intellectual property rights strategy with the export of farm products through trial and error. Because a branding strategy using intellectual property rights was pioneering, these systems had many shortcomings. However, they maintained members' profits by controlling production and distribution. The exchange and cooperation of members around the world are important for development of club system and high-quality brand. Therefore, the establishment of target-oriented organization by farmers, nursery owners, and distributors may develop agriculture differently from promoting specific regional agriculture. Meanwhile, in producing a new variety of Japanese strawberry created by a prefectural research institution, a branding strategy is seen as a method of licensing cultivations and registering trademarks. Furthermore, in late years, in Japanese strawberry production area, export to Asia is active. However, while Japanese farm products are exported to foreign countries, the export items of each prefecture often overlap, and competition between Japanese production areas occurs in an overseas market too. National policy assumes that the export expansion of "Japanese farm products" is an important strategy. However, local governments and prefectural agricultural cooperatives as an exporter prioritize the promotion and sale of local farm products. Therefore, coordination among the many local interests is necessary. In addition, it is essential to consider the strategy of developing a unified Japanese brand and using some club systems for agriculture promotion.

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