Housing Supply by the Japan Workers Housing Association and Local Housing Co-operatives

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  • 日本勤労者住宅協会と地域住宅生協による住宅供給のシステムとその展開
  • ニホン キンロウシャ ジュウタク キョウカイ ト チイキ ジュウタク セイキョウ ニ ヨル ジュウタク キョウキュウ ノ システム ト ソノ テンカイ

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to describe the establishment processes of Kinjukyo (the Japan Workers Housing Association) and local housing co-operatives as well as to clarify the characteristics of residential development and housing supply on both the national and local scale. The author chose to study the Osaka Roju Seikyo (the Osaka Workers' Housing Co-operative) as an example of a typical local housing co-operative. Rojukyo (the Japan Workers' Housing Society) and local housing co-operatives lobbied for the establishment of a housing supplier that would be managed by a third aim body. This was based on the recommendation on Workers' Housing issued by the International Labor Organization (ILO) in 1961. Despite their efforts, however, Kinjukyo was established only as a special corporation. As a result, two different forms have persisted: local housing co-operatives as co-operative organizations and Kinjukyo as a public sector organization. In the housing supply system consisting of Kinjukyo and local housing co-operatives, Kinjukyo obtains public funds from the Government Housing Loan Corporation and entrusts housing development and supply to local housing co-operatives. They have supplied over 100,000 owned houses throughout the entire country. In recent years, however, the number of housing units supplied by Kinjukyo has decreased, and the management disparities among local housing co-operatives have increased. The characteristics of housing development by local housing co-operatives include the low rate of self-funded projects, small-scale development, and the overall small number of housing supply. The housing supply provided by Kinjukyo and local housing co-operatives has various problems. For example, local housing co-operatives cannot effectively function as co-operative organizations because projects entrusted by Kinjukyo use public funds and must look for tenants from among the general public. Therefore, local housing co-operatives are unable to be selective in serving their members. Furthermore, many members of local housing co-operatives have high mobility, unlike the members of consumers' co-operatives. Since the 1990's, the continuance and future of Kinjukyo as a special corporation have been discussed in plans to promote administrative reform. In December 2001, the Government decided privatizing of Kinjukyo formally.

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