Issues and Reviews of Public Transportation in Intermediate and Mountainous Areas(<Special Issue>Rigional Policy and Transportation)

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  • 中山間地域における公共交通の課題と展望(<特集>地域政策と交通問題)
  • 中山間地域における公共交通の課題と展望
  • チュウサンカン チイキ ニ オケル コウキョウ コウツウ ノ カダイ ト テンボウ

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Abstract

It became often difficult for elderly people to drive car due to the degradation of public transportation services have declined in intermediate and mountainous areas. As a result, living convenience for them has been getting worse in those areas. Since deregulation for bus transportation was executed in 2002 following modification of subsidy system in 2001, participation to and evacuation from market was more eased. Many problems to maintain transportation service have been occurred in unprofitable areas such as rural areas and suburban areas. This study clarified the problems of public transportation in intermediate and mountainous areas to examine availability and its possibility of the adequate mode for regional transportation in future. Especially, because bus is only public transportation in most of those areas, bus and alternative traffic modes are focused on. In recent years, since the number of fatal traffic crash increased while the percentage of elderly people those who owns driving license has increased, any public transportation is needed in the intermediate and mountainous areas. Although the number of bus routes which closed after the deregulation was lesser than anticipated, many bus routes of JR Bus companies closed in intermediate and mountainous areas. Moreover, closure of many bus routes in a municipality area was observed due to the change of subvention system. After bus route was shut down, community bus or community taxi service mainly operated by municipality subsidy have been introduced in many cases. However, it is also possible will be available to introduce DRT (Demand Responsive Transport) instead of community bus or taxi. It is very important to choose alternative transportation in view of areal property of each intermediate and mountainous area. Under the situation of unstable financial condition of municipalities, adequate operation system is required to keep cost-effective operation. It is important for each municipality to assess what is the level of civil minimum of transportation to fulfill the needs of residents.

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