Childcare Choice among White-color and Double-income Families with Young Children Living in Tokyo Bay Area : A Case of Toyosu Area in Tokyo

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  • 東京都心湾岸再開発地におけるホワイトカラー共働き世帯の保育サービス選択 : 江東区豊洲地区を事例として
  • トウキョウ トシン ワンガン サイカイハツチ ニ オケル ホワイトカラー トモバタラキ セタイ ノ ホイク サービス センタク : コウトウク ホウ ス チク オ ジレイ ト シテ

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Abstract

This study examined childcare choice among white-color and double-income families with young children living in Tokyo bay area, focusing on Toyosu area as a case study, where large-scale development has occurred and demand for childcare facilities are increased. Our research consisted of a questionnaire survey and interviews of working mothers. Many of them face a severe shortage of publicly licensed daycare centers and, during their waiting period, use unlicensed daycares which cost more expensive generally than publicly daycare. According to interview, some families expected good childcare environment including supply of daycare before moving into Toyosu, but they faced a shortage of publicly licensed daycare and had to avail their childcare leave for a period shorter than to what they are entitled and used unlicensed daycare centers with expensive fee. One reason is that it is difficult for them to daily childcare support from their relatives such as children's grandparents because they live in long distance. The other reason is childcare system of licensed daycare centers, in which families using unlicensed facilities are given higher priorities for approval of licensed daycare. Therefore, unlicensed daycare centers not only have important roles for working mothers to keep working during waiting period but also are used as a strategy to ensure a seat at publicly licensed daycare centers. In conclusion, living in Toyosu makes it possible for double-income families to commute short distances and makes it easier for working mothers to balance work and home. However, the shortage of publicly licensed daycare centers causes a dysfunction with companies' childcare support, such as shortening childcare leave because of excessive competition for access to licensed daycare centers.

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