江戸町会所金貸付について(一)

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タイトル別名
  • The Loan Operations of the Machikaisho (町会所) in Edo
  • 江戸町会所金貸付について-1-
  • エドチョウ カイショキン カシツケ ニ ツイテ 1

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抄録

The Machikaisho of Edo was a warehouse (Shaso) for rice storage that was set up during the Kansei reform period as a way of ruling Edo. Operating on a budget of 22,000 ryo collected from Edo's landowners, this granary provided relief for famished city dwellers and low-interest loans to landowners. This article attempts to classify the features of this loan operation and its role in the functioning of the Machikaisho as a rice granary. The loans provided by the Machikaisho were the kajichi loan for city residents able to mortgage a small amount of their land, and the hairyo loan for the landowning class able to mortgage rent from land they owned. The kajichi loan thus was for small landowners, and so each loan was small with along repayment term at low interest (4-6% per annum). Since the purpose of these loans was to prevent many small landowners from falling into severe economic troubles and thus preserve their ownership of land, we can notice the strong element of relief in the kajichi loan. The hairyo loan, though in some ways like the kajichi loan, was different in at least one important feature. The borrowers of the hairyo loan were the lower Gokenin class. In fact, most of the Gokenin in Edo had this loan. Thus, the hairyo loan was meant to prop up the lower class of Bakufu retainers. With the relief these loans provided to many city residents the Bakufu's rule of the urban districts of Edo was steady. Also, these loans let the Machikaisho accumulate money, and so its revenues from its loans later became one of the important sources of its income. Yet, in the economic distress during the early Tempo period the loan section of the Machikaisho suffered serious difficulties. The number of people borrowing money from it rapidly declined, since they were unable to repay such loans. From this time on, the function of the Machikaisho reverted to its original one -the storage of rice for the relief of the urban poor, a group whose ranks were increasing enormously and so forced the Machikaisho's function to revert to its original one.

収録刊行物

  • 史学雑誌

    史学雑誌 86 (1), 33-59,122-121, 1977

    公益財団法人 史学会

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