宋代地方官学の興起とその象徴 : 文翁・常袞の顕彰を手がかりに

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タイトル別名
  • The local school movement in Song China and its symbol, Wen Weng
  • ソウダイ チホウ カンガク ノ コウキ ト ソノ ショウチョウ ブンオウ ジョウコン ノ ケンショウ オ テガカリ ニ

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説明

The Song period, especially the Northern Song period, was a time marked by development within the civil examination system and efforts by statesmen to improve the education system as a whole. The idea that the system should be expanded first appeared during the reign of Emperor Jingyou 景祐 (1034-1038), though a concrete project was implemented only under Emperor Qingli 慶暦 (1041-1048). It was from that time on that local government schools began to increase, and by the late Northern Song period, it was hoped that this school system would replace the civil examination system entirely and become the main source of civil appointments. This did not happen, but the issue of local government schools remained a concern of many statesmen during the latter half of the period. This article deals with the views of Wen Weng 文翁, a figure active in the Han period who had set up a local school in Chengdu. During the middle of the Northern Song period, he was suddenly heralded by officials at court as a pioneer in the creation of local schools and thus became a symbol of the movement among officials in the capital, resulting in the expansion of the prefectural government school, Chengdu Fuxue 成都府学, along with many other local government schools. Wen Weng was recognized as a symbol of Chengdu Fuxue and enshrined at the school. By the time of the Southern Song, Chengdu Fuxue had been accepted by local society and Wen Weng as a symbol in the hearts of the local elite. On the other hand, other regional figures competed with Wen Weng as symbols of the regional school movement. In Fuzhou, Chang Gun 常袞 was considered to be a pioneer of a school there and was enshrined during the early Southern Song period. This article also shows the changes in the perceptions about Wen Weng throughout the Song period, in which he went from being a symbol of the local school movement among intellectuals at court to being accepted as a symbol on the local level in Chengdu within the perception of local government schools held by the local elite.

収録刊行物

  • 史学雑誌

    史学雑誌 118 (6), 1109-1143, 2009

    公益財団法人 史学会

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