戦後内戦期における中国共産党の革命工作と華北農村社会 : 五四指示の再検討

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タイトル別名
  • Revolution and Society in Rural North China during the Civil War Period : A Reconsideration of the May Fourth Directive
  • センゴ ナイセンキ ニ オケル チュウゴク キョウサントウ ノ カクメイ コウサク ト カホク ノウソン シャカイ ゴシ シジ ノ サイケントウ

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There have been many studies of the rural uprisings that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) carried out during the Civil War period.Previous Studies have considered this period of the revolution from a variety of viewpoints,but little attention has been paid to the consequences of socio-economic conditions particular to rural north China during that period.This article seeks to further our understanding of he history of the Chinese Revolution by examining the relationsho between socio-economic conditions and CCP revolutionary polities.After the end of the Sino-Japanese war,the CCP adopted a combination of the anti-traitor movement and the rent & interest reduction movement,constituting a two-pronged approach to the expansion and consolidation of the liberated areas.Owing to their long experience under the Japanese occupation,peasants participated enthusiastically in the anti-traitor movement.On the other hand,the rent & interest reduction movement fell short of CCP expectations,because there were few landlords and few tenants on the north China plain,and landlord-tenant conflict was minimal.The leaders of CCP thought that the rent & interest reduction movement was more important than the anti-traitor movement,since the former was a class-struggle that could liberate peasants,while the latter was not.The CCP leadership thought that the peasants themselves naturally had a "fighting spirit",and blamed the failure of the rent & interest reduction movement on their own rural cadres.As a result,these cadres becames subject to intense psychological pressure,and in some cases disciplinary action.Under these circumstances,the CCP's tural cadres in early 1946 adopted a new understanding of the rural revolition.They regarded traitors as feudal lords,and interpreted the anti-traitor movement as an anti-feudal struggle.This new understanding deviated from the CCP's original theory of revolution,but resulted in a substantial increase in "the anti-feudal struggle"repoted.Faced with this situation,the leaders approved this new understanding as an official understanding of the rural revolution,and issued the May Fourth Directive.

収録刊行物

  • 史学雑誌

    史学雑誌 112 (12), 1959-1982, 2003

    公益財団法人 史学会

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